Triple Sugar Test in Microbiology Essay Example for Free

Triple Sugar Test in Microbiology Essay Triple sugar-iron (TSI) agar test- designed to differentiate among the different groups or genera of the Enterobacteriaceae, which are all gram-negative bacilli capable of fermenting glucose with the production of acid a. Differentiation is made on the basis of differences in carbohydrate fermentation patterns and hydrogen sulfide production. To facilitate observation of carbohydrate utilization patterns- TSI agar slants contain lactose and sucrose (1%) concentrations and glucose (0.1%) concentration which permits detection of the utilization of this substrate only. The acid base indicator phenol red- also incorporated to detect carbohydrate fermentation that is indicated by a change in color of the medium from orange-red to yellow in the presence of acids. a. Method to inoculate slant: stab and streak procedure which requires insertion of sterile straight needle from the base of the slant into the butt. Upon withdrawal, the slanted surface of the medium is streaked. Determining activities of the organism: a. Alkaline slant (red) and acid butt (yellow) with or without gas production (breaks in the agar butt): Only glucose fermentation has occurred. Glucose was degraded first. Since this substrate is minimally present, the small amount of acid produced on the slant surface is oxidized rapidly. Peptones in the medium are used in production of alkali. In the butt the acid reaction is maintained because of reduced O2 tension and slower growth of the organism. b.Acid slant (yellow) and acid butt (yellow) with or without gas production: Lactose and or sucrose fermentation has occurred. Since these substances are present in higher concentrations, they serve as the substrates for continued fermentative activities with maintenance of an acid reaction in both slant and butt. c.Alkaline slant (red) and alkaline butt (red) or no change (orange-red) butt- No carbohydrate fermentation has occurred. Instead peptones are catabolized under anaerobic and or aerobic conditions resulting in an alkaline pH due to production of ammonia. If only aerobic degradation of peptones occur, the alkaline reaction is evidenced only on the slant surface. If there is aerobic and anaerobic utilization of peptone, the alkaline reaction is present on the slant and the butt.

Energy Crisis: Is America In Trouble :: essays research papers fc

Global energy crisis threatens, scientist says CHICAGO (April 17, 1997) -- An impending global energy crisis with potentially massive impact on American industry and jobs can be avoided if America strives for a portfolio of energy systems, a distinguished scientist said here today. In advocating an end to name-calling between energy advocates and environmentalists, Alan Schriesheim said, "We cannot set effective energy policy in an environmental vacuum, nor can we set effective environmental policy in an energy vacuum." Schriesheim, director emeritus at Argonne National Laboratory, spoke at a gathering sponsored by the Chicago Academy of Sciences at the University Club of Chicago. Energy demand will soar worldwide over the next 20 years, he said. "What do you think might happen," he asked the audience, "to the world's energy needs and environmental concerns if we added a new United States to the planet every three years for the next 20 years? This is not an academic question. The world population today is growing at exactly that rate, and it is projected to continue growing at that rate through 2020." The bulk of that population growth will come in the poorer countries, Schriesheim said, "places where talk of energy policy comes second to talk of food and shelter and survival; places where, if the only affordable fuel is growing in the rain forest, you will take that fuel today without a moment's thought of the consequences tomorrow." The Argonne scientist's talk was titled "What Every High School Graduate Should Know About Energy," and was part of the Chicago Academy of Sciences lecture series "Science Literacy for the 21st Century: What Should Every High School Graduate Know?" Schriesheim told the audience that world population growth of more than 86 million people per year is "the equivalent of adding two cities the size of Chicago to the planet each month." "So not only will all the Earth's current population demand more energy in the years ahead," he said, "those billions of new people are going to want their share too." Schriesheim chided energy executives who dismiss environmental concerns, and environmentalists who dismiss the energy production potential of fossil fuels, flowing water, and uranium in favor of so-called "renewable" energy sources such as solar energy. He said that for the next several generations renewables -- such as solar, wind, and farm-grown energy crops -- are expected to provide only 2 to 4 percent of global energy supplies.

Child Labor Since the Industrial Revolution Essay

Child labor has changed dramatically since the time of the industrial revolution. Teens everywhere can now have part time jobs that aren’t hazardous to their health and follow strict child labor laws. Although pretty much all our ancestors weren’t so lucky. During n the Industrial Revolution there were no child labor laws. The factory owners just saw it as jobs that could be done by anyone, and grown men would not stand for such low pay so who better than children who are just as happy with pennies and nickels. Children working in factories didn’t just have to deal with low income they also had horrid working conditions, health hazards, low wages, long hours worked per day, and almost every day worked per week. Child Labor had existed long before the Industrial Revolution; children were usually forced to work in family farms or as servants. But it wasn’t until the Industrial Revolution that children were forced into factories with horrid working conditions. These kids would often work 10-12 hours a day, and also had to deal with constant abuse from superiors who demanded faster production. Children as young as four were employed to work in coal mines. Conditions were dangerous very dangerous in the coal mines, many children developed lung cancer and other diseases and died before the age of 25, while others died from gas explosions. Some children were employed as â€Å"scavengers† by cotton mills, their jobs would be to climb under machinery to pick up cotton, some died from being crushed under the machines, and some lost hands or even limbs. After reports of these atrocities became widespread politicians and the government tried to limit child labor by law, but factory owners resisted; some felt that they were aiding the poor by giving their children money to buy food to avoid starvation, and others simply welcomed the cheap labor. The English governments’ efforts only led to the limit of 10 hours of work per day for children but working conditions were still atrocious. In the 21st century there are many regulations that have drastically improved safety and limits on child workers in the U.  S. The minimum age for â€Å"Non-Hazardous† work is 14, and for agricultural work that age is dropped to 10-11 years old with parental consent on farms not regulated by minimum wage requirements, and 12-13 years old just with parental consent. The laws on today’s limit on hours of employment are as follows: No work during school hours, on school days: 3 hours/day, 18 hours/week maximum, when school is out of session: 8 hours/day, 40 hours/week with at least 30 minute s of break time included each day. These laws helped to keep hours of work limited to ensure more time for school and other activities. There have also been laws for minimum wage that a teen can receive for work. Federal Minimum is $7. 25 per hour as of 7/24/09 youth minimum is $4. 25 per hour for employees under 20 years of age during their first 90 consecutive calendar days of employment with an employer. In today’s working world hazards teens will face while working are limited to just slipping on wet floors, minor burns, and small cuts. Granted this is if most safety precautions are carried out and it was accidental. So far no child worker has been exposed to any harmful diseases while working, during the 21st century. The managers overseeing children working are very helpful and are punished by law if they harass or physically injure any employees. Since the Industrial revolution the ages of child workers have changed from as young as 4 to, at the very least, 10. Child workers today are no longer allowed to work 12 or 14 hours a day, instead there are strict laws that allow for a thirty minute break everyday and no more than 18 hours of work per week. Minimum wage has been changed from pennies and nickels to $7. 25 since the Industrial Revolution. Teems working nowadays are ensured by workers compensation and serious injuries are rare because of safety precautions taken; as opposed to frequent diseases, serious injuries, and even death that were reported in the Industrial Revolution. Thankfully many changes have ensured the health and safety of child workers today. I am personally thankful for these laws and regulations because as of next week I will be working at Panera Bread and it is nice to know that I am safe as a working teen.

Moral Judgement And Moral Relativism Essay - 1966 Words

Moral luck coexists with moral skepticism to support moral relativism. If a person cannot have any moral knowledge then it is luck that will determine the outcome. If a person had vast moral knowledge, they would be able to see or predict a close shot of the outcome of a situation that involves moral choices. If this person does not know anything about morals, then it is up to that persons luck to determine the outcome of the moral choice. According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"Moral luck occurs when an agent can be correctly treated as an object of moral judgment despite the fact that a significant aspect of what she is assessed for depends on factors beyond her control.†(Nelkin,2004); Since it is up to moral luck to choose in moral choices, there cannot be any moral facts because it is luck that determines what the outcome will be. There is more than one type of luck, there is Circumstantial Luck, Resultant Luck Causal, Luck Constitutive Luck, and Everybodyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s luck is different so there can be no moral facts, therefore supporting moral relativism. To begin with, in Allegory of the cave in the book A Guided Tour of Five Works by Plato, written by Christopher Biffle, there is a scenario that follows moral luck leading into moral luck. The children from the allegory that were chosen to live in this cave had no idea that they were going to be subjected to such living conditions. They did not have the choice to choose how they were going to be treated, but theyShow MoreRelatedRelativism Vs Realism953 Words   |  4 PagesJoseph Cipullo Professor Butera Philosophy 103 October 28, 2017 Relativism or Realism What is Plato’s reasoning for rejecting moral relativism in favor of moral realism? Moral Relativism is defined as the view that moral judgements are true and false only relative to some particular standpoint and no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others. An interpretation of moral relativism is that it is an understanding that the ethical position of right or wrong is culturally centeredRead MoreNormative Ethical Relativism716 Words   |  3 PagesThe objective of this essay is to provide reasons as to why normative ethical relativism provides an unattractive view on the nature of morality and why it should be rejected. In order to see this negative relationship, this essay will identify three features of this theory that makes it problematic. The first problematic feature of normative ethical relativism is based on the claim that moral principles cannot be validated on a universal level. This means that different cultures should be freeRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Moral Relativism840 Words   |  4 Pagessaid, â€Å"We are moving towards a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as for certain and which has as its highest goal one’s own ego and one’s own desires.† When discussing the idea of Moral Relativism there are conflicting arguments as to if it is true in society or not. As much as Americans wish to ignore it, and although it has negative as well as positive effects, moral relativism is apparent all over the world. Moral Relativism is true and relevant today through individualsRead MoreMoral Relativism And Moral Morality1627 Words   |  7 PagesThere are two different branches of moral realism. One, moral absolutism which means that in any situation a person is in, no m atter the circumstances their morals stay the same every single time. Two, moral pluralism and this can be described as a person having all of their moral values. In addition to, abiding by their moral values, they also have to abide by their moral guidelines. This can be hard because at times they can conflict, but if any situation where you have to provide yourself withRead MoreCultural Relativism784 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Relativism stems from the concept that numerous cultures possess individualistic and varying moral codes. In this paper, I will argue that cultural relativism is deemed as invalid. In respect to my argument, I will discuss its invalidity due to four varying concepts: non-excusable and excusable actions, morality of individuals, chaos, and the fact that not forming a judgement is still a judgement. The first point that reinforces the idea that cultural relativism is invalid pertains to theRead MoreQuestions On Personal Morals And Ethics956 Words   |  4 PagesSticking to Personal Morals in Business In today’s business world, the issue of personal morals and ethics has been a much researched and debated topic. This is particularly true in light of the many financial scandals of the past few years. Therefore, one must decide, when faced with a moral decision, if she will remain true to her engrained morals or waver to reap special benefits in the long run. Personally, adhering to established morals and ethics is the basis of my entire being and professionalRead MoreMoral Relativism And The Ethical Dilemma1615 Words   |  7 Pagesabout moral relativism and realised that this might be a way to explain how a â€Å"wrong† choice can sometimes be a â€Å"right† one, or at least to the person acting on it. Moral Relativism â€Å"The view that moral judgements are true or false only relative to some particular standpoint†¦and that no standpoint is uniquely privileged over all others†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Westacott, date unknown) The foundations of the concept of moral relativism were first expressed in 5th Century Greece; prior to this the idea of morals couldRead MoreEthical Concepts And Principles Of Business Ethics1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthe fundamental ethical concepts and principles to conduct business in an ethical way. 2) What is the difference between â€Å"relativism of judgments† and â€Å"relativism of standards†? Provide an example of your own to illustrate. (7 points) Ethical relativism is a moral compass to the norms of a culture. That is, whether an action is judged to be right or wrong, depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced. The same action may be morally right in one society however, morally wrongRead MoreConflicting Moral Arguments : Louis Vaughn s Philosophy, Moral Relativism And Moral Objectivism872 Words   |  4 PagesConflicting Moral Arguments Louis Vaughn states that the purpose of morality is not to describe how things are, but to â€Å"prescribe how things should be† (2). In Philosophy, moral relativism and moral objectivism are two conflicting but somewhat overlapping school of thought. These beliefs govern the way an individual acts; they also decide the ethical guidelines from which the law is written. In this essay we will delineate the differences between the two sects of belief. Pojman asserts that manyRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Ethical Systems872 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerning our morals: Relativism Ethics, Consequentialism Ethics, Deontological Ethics, and Virtue Ethics. These four theories attempt to define what right and wrong should be and how one should handle any situation. There are many strengths and weaknesses of each view. The goal is to determine which theory is the best by exploring real world situations and questioning the claims that just don’t work out. RELATIVISM ETHICS There are two different types of relativistic views: Cultural Relativism and Subjectivism