Mathematics Is That Of Pi ( ÃŽÂ ) - 1728 Words

PI (Ï€) One of the oldest and most commonly known and used concepts in mathematics is that of Pi (Ï€). In the earliest of know human civilizations, people realized the importance of finding the exact value of Ï€ for practical reasons. Even by todays standards, we still only need to know the exact value of Ï€ to a few decimal place values, although that hasn’t stopped mathematicians from pursuing a more accurate representation for its value throughout time. The earliest know approximations for the value of Ï€ have been identified on ancient clay tablets, dated 1900-1650 BC, from the Babylonian civilization which states the value of Ï€ as (25/8) = 3.125. and from the Egyptian civilization, from the Rhind Papyrus(1650BC), which approximates the value of Ï€ to be (16/9)^2 = 3.1605. Although these earliest of approximations have been proven to be within 1 percent of todays actual know value, it marks the point of obsession for mathematicians to find an exact value for Ï€. The next advancement in determining a more accurate value didn’t occur for more than another 1000 years. Around 250 BC, the Greek mathematician Archimedes developed an approach using circumscribed and inscribed polygons to prove that the value of pi to be between (223/71) Ï€ (22/7) (3.1408 Ï€ 3.1429). This geometrical approach was predominantly used by mathematicians for the next 1000 years, were in 1630 an exact value of Ï€ was found to 39 decimal palaces. Sometime around the year 1425, a new approachShow MoreRelatedPi And The Real World995 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract Pi has a rich history and numerous applications to go along with it. Pi is used in mathematics, science and engineering. Pi has been traced back to over 1600 BC in Egypt, and today it is celebrated world – wide. Students from elementary school through college know of pi and its multiple applications. It has been used in physics, as well as in geometry. Students will even use it in trigonometry when they are doing sine waves. Students need to see how necessary pi is in mathematics and in theRead MoreA Study On Zu Chongzhi1582 Words   |  7 PagesZu Chongzhi is a famous Chinese mathematician and Astronomer lived in 429-501 A.D., Zu had do various of mathematics in his life, he improve Chinese mathematical, and made China become a powerful mathematical countries in 1000 years ago. Zu has many contributions in Chinese mathematical and astronomy such as 7 digits of PI, zhuishu(Method of Interpolation, The definition of zhui is method of ancient Chinese astronomy, shu is book), a nd the Daming Calender. but Zu is live in a war age that causedRead MoreArchimedes Of Syracuse And The Current State Of Computing1250 Words   |  5 PagesAs long as the field of mathematics has existed, people have been searching for shortcuts to eliminate the monotony and difficulty of calculating figures accurately. As a result, human beings began to develop new technologies to simplify this process. In ancient history, the abacus was a useful device in calculating simple numbers requiring addition and subtraction. In the seventeenth century, the first mechanical calculators were able to perform multiplication and division through repetitions ofRead MoreMathematics Is That Of Pi ( ÃŽ   )2249 Words   |  9 Pagescommonly known and used concepts in mathematics is that of Pi (Ï€). In the earliest of know human civilizations, people realized the importance of finding the exact value of Ï€ for practical reasons. Even by todays standards, we still only need to know the exact value of Ï€ to a few decimal place values, although that hasn’t stopped mathematicians from pursuing a more accurate representation for its value throughout time. The earliest know approximations for the value of Ï€ have been identified on ancientRead MoreWilliam Jones and Pi Essay1894 Words   |  8 Pagescreated, and was the first to use, pi. William was born on a farm in Anglesey, then later moved to Llanbabo on Anglesey, then moved again after the death of Williams father. He attended a charity school at Llanfechell. There his mathematical talents were spotted by the local landowner who arranged for him to be given a job in London. His job was in a merchant’s counting house. This job had Jones serving at sea on a voyage to the West Indies. He taught mathematics and navigation on board ships betweenRead MoreA Short Note On Internal And Internal Assessment1596 Words   |  7 PagesIB Mathematics HL Internal Assessment Judy Taylor IB HL Mathematics Word Count: 1311 â€Æ' Table of Contents Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 4 Exploration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 5 Applications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page 8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....Page 9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 11 â€Æ' Abstract The sine integral, written as Si (x), is important factor in signal processing as it causes overshootRead MoreThe Contribution Of Leonhard Euler1712 Words   |  7 Pageswas a fascinating and talented man who made significant contributions in mathematics, physics, engineering and astronomy (Stockstill). The incredible amount of work he produced in mathematics has made his name famous around the globe. He has produced more work than any other professional in mathematics (Australian Mathematics). His work in calculus, graph theory, and mathematical notation has greatly influenced mathematics (Euler Website). Euler was a great 18th-century mathematician but also workedRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza859 Words   |  4 Pagesconstants in created mathematics which are: Ï€, ÃŽ ¦, and e. The slope angle of 51 °51’ also 51.85 ° in decimal form, comes from measurements taken off the remaining casing stones. There is also a debate as to the geometry used in the design of th e Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt. There is evidence, however, that the design of the pyramid may use these foundations of mathematics and geometry. Here is more evidence of how the design of the pyramid may embody these foundations of mathematics and geometry: -PhiRead MoreThe Ancient Inventions Of The Future994 Words   |  4 Pagesin geometry. Or Aristotle, who mad giant leaps in astronomy (also made a theory that the earth was round in about 384 B. C.). therefore, a new era of philosophy was inaugurated and the course of western civilization was decisively shaped. Modern mathematics, Medicine, and cartography was all modernized during this age of philosophy. Without the Greeks, present ideals and the way we live our life would not be the same. So it is important that we know what the Greeks invented and their power over ourRead MoreJohn Wallis3283 Words   |  14 Pagesallowing themselves to discuss any other outside topics such as politics (OConnor amp; Robertson, 2002). Due to these weekly meetings, Wallis read and mastered Oughtred’s Clavis Mathematicae in only a couple of weeks in 1647. â€Å"Quickly his love of mathematics, which he had as a student but which had never found the opportunity to flourish, now came pouring out† (OConnor amp; Robertson, 2002). Shortly after mastering Oughtred’s book, Wallis wrote his own book, Treatise of Angular Sections, but the book

Questions On The High School Girls - 904 Words

Readings: Bettie and Loewen Question #1: Do the high school girls conform to these stereotypes because of peer pressure and what they think they are supposed to do, or is there another reason? Although pressure to look and act a certain way based on their supposed class places the girls in groups, teachers and the school also played a role in this segregation and division. By separating the classes into college prep, vocational prep, or job prep, the students are already being placed into groups. This limits the opportunity the girl may have if they were to be placed in a college or vocational prep because they feel they only have one option. This also limits the diversity in the groups, even though there are some exceptions in the various groups. The school should have mixed all the supposed cliques into multiple classes with different groups in one classroom. This would help break up the cliques and promote more diversity among the girls. It would also allow teachers to reach some students who may have felt p ressured to act a certain way and avoid college prep, even if they actually wanted to attend college. By separating the girls even farther apart than they have separated themselves, the school and environment is making it harder and harder for girls to break out of their supposed class and get to know each other. Several schools pride itself on diversity because it allows them o teach in a different manner while encouraging all of the students that they can achieveShow MoreRelatedFemale Writers : Mean Girls ( Tina Fey ) And Clueless ( Amy Heckerling ) Essay1497 Words   |  6 PagesYoung girls watch these movies and expect that high school should be a particular way. Unless you have a full figured woman’s body like Regina George’s, then you will not be â€Å"the in girl†. Although each of these films glamorize the lives of the popular girls in school, they have clear moral values on how being catty will ultimately have you end up ruining your reputation. Two of the six movies addressed have female writers, Mean girls (Tina Fey) and Clueless (Amy Heckerling). All six of these moviesRead MoreThe Effect Of Media On Young Girls And Their Self Esteem1590 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence media has on young girls and their self-esteem The media and advertisements are meant to influence our everyday lives in society. Young girls are being exposed today more than ever to the over sexualized images of women within the media, advertisements and in pop culture. Young girls are seeing these types of images everyday either in magazines, television shows, movies or fashion. The research questions I propose to explore: â€Å"Are the images that young girls are exposed to within the mediaRead MoreAnalysis Of Julie Betties Women Without Class1540 Words   |  7 Pagesshe describes social groups in Waretown High and their race, gender, and social class composition. Bettie is an observant who is really interested in â€Å"women from working-class families across racial/ethnic identities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bettie, pg. 8). She started her project in a community college, where she talks to the first generation of families attending college. Bettie observes that 20 percent high school graduates transfer to community colleges to fou r-year schools nationally. In addition to this â€Å"anotherRead MoreSingle Sex Education Is Beneficial For Females Than Males Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Boy free school zone.† â€Å"No makeup Monday- Friday, 8:00 am -3:25 pm.† Both of these are phrases on posters made by the students at the high school I attended. They seem rather petty until it is known that I attend Academy of the Holy Names, which is an all-girls’ high school. Before high school, I attended multiple co-ed schools so switching to single-sex education was rather different for me. Four years at Academy of the Holy Names prepared me to be successful in my future endeavors and also toRead MoreHigh School Students Across America1165 Words   |  5 PagesThe Scholastic Aptitude Test, or SAT is a very well known test, especially by high school students across America. This test consist of 138 questions, all multiple choice except for several math graphs, divided into two sections-math an d verbal, both scored on a scale of 200 to 800 (Pacenza). The SAT’s are currently a determining factor for college admissions. This paper will only address the SAT’s, not the PSAT’s or the ACT†s. The SAT was born in the 1920s-the product of a growing desire by AmericanRead MoreEssay about Encouraging Girls in Math and Science1599 Words   |  7 PagesEncouraging Girls in Math and Science An ideal classroom in an elementary school would allow both boys and girls to learn fairly, equally, and also be encouraged to be involved in the classroom. The teacher would expect the same effort from the boys as well as the girls. The teacher would implement a respectful atmosphere where the teacher as well as the students would respect one another. The reality is that girls quickly become discouraged to pursue math and/or science relatedRead MoreCorrelation Between Males And Females On Average1152 Words   |  5 PagesCouple this with these facts together explains why females tend to be better communicators than males. Boys generally express their feeling with action whereas girls are able to vocalize these feelings. Furthermore males have issues receiving constructive criticism and generally shut down leading to reduced motivation and reading aptitude. Girls tend to find subjects and materials that interest them more often leading to bigger vocabularies and more tools. Males tend to read less challenging materialsRead MoreThe Current Challenges Of Adolescents1050 Words   |  5 Pages Bagley, who works as primary care physician at Boston Medical Center, said high school students are less involved in drinking alcohol, smoking marijuana and taking drugs than they were a couple of years ago. Those decreases also hold true specifically in Massachusetts. Drug and alcohol use, sexual health and risk-taking have become the major focus of the annual symposium series the Forum held Nov.16 at Dana Hall School in Wellesley. About 100 parents and Wellesley residents came to listen toRead MoreImproving The Retention Rate Of South Nigeria1424 Words   |  6 Pagesof school in the world. In Nigeria alone, more than 10.5 million students are out of school, the majority of them in northern Nigeria, and are mostly girls (Moser, 2014). Northern Nigeria is a predominately Islamic, rural, and vastly underdeveloped part of the country when compared to the southern part of the nation. The retention rate of students in this part of the country is also significantly lower than it is in the southern part of the country. The retention rate is even lower for girls inRead MoreMasculinity Essay989 Words   |  4 PagesMain idea: High school boys practice compulsive heterosexuality to ensure their masculinity and social status. Compulsive heterosexuality is not particularly associated with sexual orientations, but more to do with behaviors, social interactions, and institutional structures. Male students expressed a nd measured their masculinity by objectifying girls and their bodies, relentless remarks about sexual conquests, desiring girls, and desired by girls. Being in control of girls’ bodies, overpowering

Core Competencies of Google Inc †Free Sample & Lecture Notes

Question: Discuss about the Core Competencies of Google Inc. Answer: Introduction: Google was established by Larry Page and Sergey Brin,/ when they were the students at the Stanford University. The Google launched in September 1998 in the garage of friend. From the Initial Public Offering, the Google had raised $1.67 billion in August 2004. Google has the 12000 employees in their offices in all over the world. The mission statements of the Google is that they adopts the culture of the corporate, which is related to the philosophy about making the money by the right way and the work had taken as the challenge, and the challenge has considered as the fun. It is a multinational public corporation, which develops and provides the services of internet and the products. It is one of the largest search engines on the internet and the processes of the various searches. The Google facilitate the other services like online software such as Gmail email software, social networking tools, and the other application. The Google are leads to the development of the operating system of the Android mobile and have used by the various manufactures of the mobile phone. It is a strongest brand in the market (UK Essay, 2016). Opportunities There are rapid developments for the users of the internet. For the progression of the economic growth of the organization, the rate of the users of the internet has become high. The opportunities are depending on the efforts that will provide the Android OS and becomes the competitor for the Apple and the Samsung. The company has to diversify itself into the non-add revenue for making the continuous profits, and the present indicators are that the companies are pushing itself towards the commercial transaction with the help of various sites such as Google Books, Google Maps, etc. The company introduces the Google Glasses, and Google Play, which promises to change the game for Google. The main opportunity is the cloud computing for the Google and already has the experienced for providing the storage as well as the cloud solutions. Threats The social media has become the threatened for the Google in the world of the internet, and the company should deal with the availability of the features regarding the Facebook and Twitter. The Google had also threatened from the mobile computing and its emerging areas for passing the company with the new company for the opportunity of the mobile computing presence (MSG, 2016). The major competitors of the Google are Yahoo and Microsoft. The revenue of the Yahoo and the Microsoft were $7.0 billion and the $5.1 billion respectively. The Google has made the 57% searches on the internet in United States. This market share has made the improvements for quality of the searching results and targets the ads fastly as compared to the competitors. This makes the sort for the customers regarding the self-perpetuating, which improves the results. Yahoo and the Microsoft have the market share about the 23% and the 11% respectively. There is a strong competitive rivalry, which has continued in a industry due to huge amounts of the advertising dollars and has a flow to the websites, which captured the biggest volume searches. Competitors analysis It is the most important global services of the internet, which provides to a customers and businesses. It is the competitor of the industry to the search engine. It provides products like online services, application, media products, and the solutions. From 2008, the market share of the Yahoo has decreased. Microsoft It enables the people and business for the realization of its full potential. It introduced the 1st It offers products like online services, computer software, and electronics (Prezi Inc, 2016). Strength It is a households brand in the world, which can run the internet for the users. The Goggle has broken more than the 1.2 billion in a month regarding the different searches in which the users perform in their sites. It is the major leader in the world of the search engines. That means it is the king of the internet search worldwide. Google has the market share, which is more than the 65% of the internet searches. The Google make its scale at the greater height with the maximum profits through the partnership with the third party. It has adopted the Android and the mobile technologies that make the Google direct competitor of the Apple (MSG, 2016). Weaknesses The algorithm of the searches are not revealing by the Google, even the formula which is concerned for the internet searches and leads to various experts that slam the company from the opaque and hide itself from the veneer of the secrecy. The Google are dependent too much on the advertising revenue. The product integration is less. The restrictions of the government are also there (Prezi Inc, 2016). Identification of the core competencies The core competencies of Google are depending on the technology that is used in a search service and have the capability for making and organizing the database for the internet users for finding the information, which the users are looking for. The competitive advantage of the Google is come from the core competencies of the computer hardware and software engineering. The most visible application that is running on the Googleplex is the search. It is another core competencies are that it has the ability of the software engineering and maintain the infrastructure of the hardware. It also adopts the culture of the innovation. The features of the above core competencies is that it is the important survival for the long-term as well as short-term and has the problem for imitation, different for a enterprise and important for the growth of the core products as well as end products and have the results, which came from the mixture of skills, resources, and processes as well (UK Essay, 2016). References UK.Essay.(2016). An introduction to Google Inc. retrieved on 30 september 2016 from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/economics/an-introduction-to-google-inc-economics-essay.php MSG.(2016). SWOT analysis of Google. Retrieved on 30 september 2016 from https://www.managementstudyguide.com/swot-analysis-of-google.htm Prezi,Inc.(2016). Strategic analysis of Google. Retrieved on 30 septemebr 2016 from https://prezi.com/8z50revprfon/strategic-analysis-of-google/ Prezi,Inc.(2016). Internal analysis of Google. Retrieved on 30 septemebr 2016 from https://prezi.com/26wmwqsno2r7/internal-analysis-of-google-inc/ UK.Essay.(2016). Analyzing the core competencies of Google Inc. retrieved on 30 september 2016 from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/analysing-the-core-competencies-of-google-inc-business-essay.php Schneider,L.(2016).Company profile and job information for google.

Mention of the tragedy at school a fire free essay sample

Everyone has been embarrassed at one time or another. It is that moment in time when you wish the earth would open up and swallow you. The anxiety and I remember so well when I had my most embarrassing moment. I was in Form 4 and it was during the school recess. The minute the bell rang for recess, I rushed to the toilet because I had been controlling my urges since class started. I didn’t want to miss class because the lesson taught that morning was to include tips for the forthcoming examination. Without realizing, I had rushed to the girls’ toilet. The prolonged control and an upset stomach made worse by two glasses of cold milk in the morning made me grunt and groan in what I thought in what I thought was the privacy of the cubicle. I thought I heard giggling outside and wondered why the giggles sounded unusually near. We will write a custom essay sample on Mention of the tragedy at school: a fire or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A few minutes later I came out of the cubicle and discovered my horror that I had entered the girls’ toilet. To make matters worse, the few girls standing outside didn’t even turn away when I came out. Instead, they looked down at me, then only they turned quickly away. The horror of horrors, I had forgotten to zip up! No beetroot could have matched the color of my face at this point in time!The news of my predicament spread like wildfire throughout the school. I was truly the talk of the town. I felt like I could either walk around feeling perpetually self-conscious and embarrassed or I could turn the situation around, perhaps even to my advantage. I remembered my mother’s words that ‘if you can’t beat them, join them’. So I decided to make fun of myself, to laugh at myself too. It works. Everyone got bored after a while and nobody teased me after that.It was indeed an eye-opening experience for me. I have learned that when people laugh at you, you should laugh along. You must not take yourself seriously. Learn to look at yourself through other people’s eyes and you will realize that most of the time when they laugh at you, they just want to have some fun. They mean no harm. If you can make people laugh, it’s like bringing sunshine into their lives and as someone said, ‘those who bring sunshine to the lives of others cannot keep it from themselves.’ the discomfort felt during that time which may only last a few seconds feels like time has stood still

Major General David B. Birney in the Civil War

Major General David B. Birney in the Civil War David Birney - Early Life Career: Born in Huntsville, AL on May 29, 1825, David Bell Birney was the son of James and Agatha Birney.   A Kentucky native, James Birney was a noted politician in Alabama and Kentucky and later a vocal abolitionist.   Moving back to Kentucky in 1833, David Birney received his early schooling there and in Cincinnati.   Due to his fathers politics, the family later moved to Michigan and Philadelphia.   To further his education, Birney elected to attend the Phillips Academy in Andover, MA.   Graduating in 1839, he initially pursued a future in business before electing to study law.   Returning to Philadelphia, Birney commenced practicing law there in 1856.   Finding success, he became friends with many of the citys leading citizens.   David Birney - The Civil War Begins: Possessing his fathers politics, Birney foresaw the coming of the Civil War and in 1860 began an intensive study of military subjects.   Though he lacked any formal training, he was able to parley this newly-acquired knowledge into a lieutenant colonels commission in the Pennsylvania militia. Following the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, Birney commenced working to raise a regiment of volunteers.   Successful, he became lieutenant colonel of the 23rd Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry later that month.   In August, after some service in the Shenandoah, the regiment was re-organized with Birney as colonel.    David Birney - Army of the Potomac: Assigned to Major General George B. McClellans Army of the Potomac, Birney and his regiment prepared for the 1862 campaign season.   Possessing extensive political connections, Birney received a promotion to brigadier general on February 17, 1862.   Leaving his regiment, he assumed command of a brigade in Brigadier General Philip Kearnys division in Major General Samuel Heintzelmans III Corps.   In this role, Birney traveled south that spring to take part in the Peninsula Campaign.   Performing solidly during the Union advance on Richmond, he was criticized by Heintzelman for failing to engage during the Battle of Seven Pines.   Given a hearing, he was defended by Kearny and it was determined that the failure was a misunderstanding of orders. Retaining his command, Birney saw extensive action during the Seven Days Battles in late June and early July.   During this time, he, and the rest of Kearnys division, was heavily engaged at Glendale and Malvern Hill.   With the failure of the campaign, III Corps received orders to return to Northern Virginia to support Major General John Popes Army of Virginia.   In this role, it took part in the Second Battle of Manassas in late August.   Tasked with assaulting Major General Thomas Stonewall Jacksons lines on August 29, Kearnys division took heavy losses.   Three days after the Union defeat, Birney returned to action at the Battle of Chantilly.   In the fighting, Kearny was killed and Birney ascended to lead the division.   Ordered to the Washington, DC defenses, the division did not take part in the Maryland Campaign or Battle of Antietam. David Birney - Division Commander:      Rejoining the Army of the Potomac later that fall, Birney and his men were engaged at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13.   Serving in Brigadier General George Stonemans III Corps, he clashed with Major General George G. Meade  during the battle when the latter accused him of failing to support an attack.   Subsequent punishment was avoided when Stoneman praised Birneys performance in his official reports.   During the winter, command of III Corps passed to Major General Daniel Sickles.   Birney served under Sickles at the Battle of Chancellorsville in early May 1863 and performed well.   Heavily engaged during the fighting, his division suffered the highest casualties of any in the army.   For his efforts, Birney received a promotion to major general on May 20. Two months later, the bulk of his division arrived at the Battle of Gettysburg on the evening of July 1 with the remainder arriving the following morning.   Initially positioned at the south end of Cemetery Ridge with its left flank at the foot of Little Round Top, Birneys division moved forward that afternoon when Sickles advanced off the ridge.   Tasked with covering a line extending from Devils Den through the Wheatfield to the Peach Orchard, his troops were spread too thin.   Late in the afternoon, Confederate troops from Lieutenant General James Longstreets First Corps attacked and overwhelmed Birneys lines.   Falling back, Birney worked to re-form his shattered division while Meade, now leading the army, funneled reinforcements to the area.   With his division crippled, he played no further role in the battle. David Birney - Later Campaigns: As Sickles had been severely wounded in the fighting, Birney assumed command of III Corps until July 7 when Major General William H. French arrived.   That fall, Birney led his men during the Bristoe and Mine Run Campaigns.   In the spring of 1864, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Meade worked to reorganize the Army of the Potomac.   As III Corps had been badly damaged the previous year, it was disbanded.   This saw Birneys division transferred to Major General Winfield S. Hancocks II Corps.   In early May, Grant commenced his Overland Campaign and Birney quickly saw action at the Battle of the Wilderness.   A few weeks later, he was wounded at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House but remained in his post and commanded his division at Cold Harbor  at the end of the month.       Moving south as the army advanced, Birney played a role in the Siege of Petersburg.   Taking part in II Corps operations during the siege, he led it during the Battle of Jerusalem Plank Road in June as Hancock was suffering the effects of a wound sustained the previous year.   When Hancock returned on June 27, Birney resumed command of his division.   Seeing promise in Birney, Grant assigned him to command X Corps in Major General Benjamin Butlers Army of the James on July 23.   Operating north of the James River, Birney led the successful assault on New Market Heights in late September.   Falling ill with malaria a short time later, he was ordered home to Philadelphia.   Birney died there on October 18, 1864, and his remains were interred in the citys Woodlands Cemetery. Selected Sources David Birney - III CorpsLest We Forget: David BirneyFind A Grave: David Birney

Crisis in Kosovo essays

Crisis in Kosovo essays The tension in Kosovo has existed for centuries, dating back as far as 1389 when Serbs lost an epic battle to the Ottoman Turks in Kosovo. Not until 1912, more than 500 years later did the Serbs regain control when Kosovo became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes following the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. With the conclusion of World War II, as an absolute monarchy under the name Yugoslavia, the country became a communist republic. Autonomy was granted to Kosovo in 1974 in a revised constitution. Kosovo, although a Serbian province, was largely occupied by ethnic Albanians who established Albanian-language schools and institutions. In 1987, Slobodan Milosevic rose to power in Yugoslavia, riding the wave of Serbian nationalism with his promises of a Greater Serbia. Escalating tensions between the Serbs and the ethnic Albanians and the fear of secession prompted Milosevic to strip Kosovo, though 90 percent Albanian, of its autonomy and army troops and police were deployed in battle strength to maintain order. Kosovos Albanian majority voted in 1992 to secede from Yugoslavia, voicing a desire to merge with Albania. President Bush warned Serbs that the United States would use force if the Serbs attacked Kosovo. In 1997, The Kosovo Liberation Army began killing Serb policemen and others supporters of the Serbs. The conflict turned into a guerilla war after Milosevic sent troops into the areas controlled by the Kosovo Liberation Army and killed 80 Kosovars. Shortly after, talks were held for the first time advocating a peaceful path to independence for Kosovo, but the Albanian side boycotted further meetings. Later, the United Nations Security Council called for an immediate cease-fire and political negotiations, but with little support from either side. NATO allies then authorized airstrikes against Serb military targets, but were not prompted to take action because Milose...

The Action Series Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Action Series - Essay Example Further, this essay will zone in on the similarities and the differences between the themes and ideological presentation in the action series. In essence, The Transporter is a sequential action series created by Luc Besson and Robert Kamen Mark that stars Jason Statham. The initial concept behind the film is French, but also has elements of Canadian influence. Ideally, the film revolves around Frank Martin who is a courier driver with expert freelancing style (Griep and Marjorie 40). Frank Martin is a driver who does not ask questions about the package for delivery, will deliver anything and anywhere as long as the price is good meaning that Frank follows all the rules to the latter. Moreover, Frank is a mercenary with excellent driving skills, combat experience and great survival skills (Ebert 70). Frank also sets few ground rules that include the client should not change the deal, no name exchange, not to make promises that are hard to keep, and never to open the package in questio n. Frank also adheres strictly to the time schedule set by the client. Plot difference for the series The transporter is a four part action series that began in 2002 with 2013 playing host to the launch of fourth part of the series. The plot summary for the initial part of the series involves Frank transporting a package for an American gangster when he notices an anomaly as he was changing a flat tire (Gross 38). He notices movement in the package, but refuses to open the package as per rule number three. His curiosity makes him to break his rules where he opens the package to find a gagged woman (Minai and Yaneer 44). However, Frank sticks to the initial plan and delvers the package as required by the American gangster that asks him to deliver a briefcase. Frank is adamant to make the delivery, but instead takes the briefcase that becomes a bomb that destroys his customized car (Kiley 69). Furious, Frank returns to the gangster to seek revenge for the loss of his car, where he cau ses a commotion and makes away with one of the cars belonging to the gangster (Segal 47). Unfortunately, it turns that the gagged woman he was transporting initially was in his getaway vehicle. He feels that it is a safer hideout in his house (Griep and Marjorie 58). Meanwhile, Tarconi a local French law enforcer arrives at Frank’s residence as he had been trailing him due to his suspicions of Frank’s criminal involvement. Therefore, the plot captures a story of illegal shipping of Chinese natives by the American with intent of recruiting them in to modern day slavery (Ebert 78). In the second part of the series, Frank seeks employment as a chauffeur for a USA top brass official in Miami after quitting illegal transportation of packages in France. The transporter (2005) shows Frank going into legitimate chauffeuring as a favor to a friend with his reason being reformation. He chauffeurs Jack Billings where his job involves him taking the child to school and to any plac e that the child would want (Kiley 80). Ironically, Jack and Frank grow fond of each other to an extent that Frank feels an attachment to the boy. However, when unknown individuals kidnap the boy, Fyrank becomes the immediate suspect to the crime. He fights to bring the boy safely to his family despite the father having trust issues. The risks involved in the recovery include a virus that the kidnappers intend to unleash in order to destroy